An electric dipole with dipole moment 5 × 10⁻⁶ Cm is aligned with the direction of a uniform electric field of magnitude 4 × 10⁵ N/C. The dipole is then rotated through an angle of 60° with respect to the electric field. The change in the potential energy of the dipole is: (a) 1.2 J (b) 1.5 J (c) 0.8 J (d) 1.0 J

Answer: (d). Δ U = pE(cos θ₁ - cos θ₂) = pE(1 - cos 60°) Δ U = 5×10⁻⁶ × 4×10⁵ × 1/2 = 1.0 J So the answer is (d) 1.0 J.

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Electric Dipole

An electric dipole with dipole moment $5 \times 10^{-6}\text{ Cm}$ is aligned with the direction of a uniform electric field of magnitude $4 \times 10^{5}\text{ N/C}$ . The dipole is then rotated through an angle of $60^\circ$ with respect to the electric field. The change in the potential energy of the dipole is:

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Answer: (d)

$\Delta U = pE(\cos\theta_1 - \cos\theta_2) = pE(1 - \cos 60^\circ)$
$\Delta U = 5\times10^{-6} \times 4\times10^{5} \times \frac{1}{2} = 1.0$ J
So the answer is (d) 1.0 J.

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