Rectifiers & Filters question from JEE Main 2021 (31 Aug, Shift 1)

Answer: (d)

1. The 3 V battery opposes the source in the loop, so the diode conducts only when $V_i > 3$ V.
2. While it conducts, $V_R = V_i - 3$. When $V_i < 3$ V there is no current and $V_R = 0$.
3. So the voltage across $R$ is the part of the sine wave above the $+3$ V line, as in (a).