Force due to Surface Tension
On heating water, bubbles being formed at the bottom of the vessel detach and rise. Take the bubbles to be spheres of radius and making a circular contact of radius with the bottom of the vessel. If and the surface tension of water is value of just before bubbles detach is: (density of water is )

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Answer: (d)
- Upward buoyancy on the bubble (since ).
- Surface tension acts along the contact circle ; its vertical (downward) part is with .
- Just before detaching: .
- . So the answer is (d).