Nuclear Fission & Fusion

The energy released if hydrogen atoms are combined to form ${}^{4}_{2}\text{He}$ is ______ MeV. (Take binding energies per nucleon of ${}^{2}_{1}\text{H}$ and ${}^{4}_{2}\text{He}$ as 1.1 MeV and 7.2 MeV, respectively)

The average energy released per fission for the nucleus of ${}^{235}_{92}\text{U}$ is 190 MeV. When all the atoms of 47 g pure ${}^{235}_{92}\text{U}$ undergo fission process, the energy released is $\alpha \times 10^{23}\text{ MeV}$. The value of $\alpha$ is ______. (Avogadro Number $= 6 \times 10^{23}$ per mole)

Two nuclei of mass number 3 combine with another nucleus of mass number 4 to yield a nucleus of mass number 10. If the binding energy per nucleon for the mass numbers 3,4 and 10 are $5.6\text{ MeV}, 7.4\text{ MeV}$ and 6.1 MeV, respectively, then in the process, $\Delta \text{Mc}^{2} = \underline{\qquad}$ MeV.

Energy released when two deuterons $\left({}_{1}\text{H}^{2}\right)$ fuse to form a helium nucleus $\left({}_{2}\text{He}^{4}\right)$ is: (Given: Binding energy per nucleon of ${}_{1}\text{H}^{2} = 1.1\text{ MeV}$ and binding energy per nucleon of ${}_{2}\text{He}^{4} = 7.0\text{ MeV}$)

Match the LIST-I with LIST-II

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

In a hypothetical fission reaction

${}_{92}X^{236} \rightarrow {}_{56}\text{Y}^{141} + {}_{36}Z^{92} + 3R$

The identity of emitted particles (R) is:

Which of the following nuclear fragments corresponding to nuclear fission between neutron $\left({}^{1}_{0}\text{n}\right)$ and uranium isotope $\left({}^{235}_{92}\text{U}\right)$ is correct:

Water is used as a coolant in a nuclear reactor because of its

The disintegration energy $Q$ for the nuclear fission of ${}^{235}\text{U} \rightarrow {}^{140}\text{Ce} + {}^{94}\text{Zr} + n$ is _______ $\text{MeV}$. Given atomic masses of ${}^{235}\text{U} : 235.0439u;\ {}^{140}\text{Ce} : 139.9054u,\ {}^{94}\text{Zr} : 93.9063u;\ n : 1.0086u$, Value of $c^{2} = 931\text{ MeV/u}$.

In a nuclear fission process, a high mass nuclide $(A \approx 236)$ with binding energy $7.6\text{ MeV/}$ Nucleon dissociated into middle mass nuclides $(\text{A} \approx 118)$, having binding energy of $8.6\text{ MeV/Nucleon}$. The energy released in the process would be ______ $\text{MeV}$.

The explosive in a Hydrogen bomb is a mixture of ${}_{1}\text{H}^{2}, {}_{1}\text{H}^{3}$ and ${}_{3}\text{Li}^{6}$ in some condensed form. The chain reaction is given by

${}_{3}\text{Li}^{6} + {}_{0}\text{n}^{1} \rightarrow {}_{2}\text{He}^{4} + {}_{1}\text{H}^{3}$

${}_{1}\text{H}^{2} + {}_{1}\text{H}^{3} \rightarrow {}_{2}\text{He}^{4} + {}_{0}\text{n}^{1}$

During the explosion the energy released is approximately

[Given; $\text{M(Li)} = 6.01690\text{ amu}, \text{M}\left({}_{1}\text{H}^{2}\right) = 2.01471\text{ amu}, \text{M}\left({}_{2}\text{He}^{4}\right) = 4.00388\text{ amu}$, and $1\text{ amu} = 931.5\text{ MeV}]$

If three helium nuclei combine to form a carbon nucleus then the energy released in this reaction is ________ $\times 10^{-2}\text{ MeV}$. (Given $1\text{u} = 931\text{ MeV/c}^{2}$, atomic mass of helium $= 4.002603\text{u}$)

In a nuclear fission reaction of an isotope of mass $M$, three similar daughter nuclei of same mass are formed. The speed of a daughter nucleus in terms of mass defect $\Delta M$ will be:

The energy released in the fusion of $2\text{ kg}$ of hydrogen deep in the sun is $E_{H}$ and the energy released in the fission of $2\text{ kg}$ of ${}^{235}\text{U}$ is $E_{U}$. The ratio $\frac{E_{H}}{E_{U}}$ is approximately: (Consider the fusion reaction as $4\,{}^{1}_{1}H + 2\text{e}^{-} \rightarrow {}^{4}_{2}\text{He} + 2v + 6\gamma + 26.7\text{ MeV}$, energy released in the fission reaction of ${}^{235}\text{U}$ is $200\text{ MeV}$ per fission nucleus and $\text{N}_{\text{A}} = 6.023 \times 10^{23})$

A star has $100\%$ helium composition. It starts to convert three ${}^{4}\text{He}$ into one ${}^{12}\text{C}$ via triple alpha process as ${}^{4}\text{He} + {}^{4}\text{He} + {}^{4}\text{He} \rightarrow {}^{12}\text{C} + \text{Q}$. The mass of the star is $2.0 \times 10^{32}\text{ kg}$ and it generates energy at the rate of $5.808 \times 10^{30}\text{ W}$. The rate of converting these ${}^{4}\text{He}$ to ${}^{12}\text{C}$ is $\text{n} \times 10^{42}\text{ s}^{-1}$, where $\text{n}$ is _________. [ Take, mass of ${}^{4}\text{He} = 4.0026\text{u}$, mass of ${}^{12}\text{C} = 12\text{u}$]

A nucleus with mass number 242 and binding energy per nucleon as $7.6\text{ MeV}$ breaks into two fragment each with mass number 121. If each fragment nucleus has binding energy per nucleon as $8.1\text{ MeV}$, the total gain in binding energy is _________ $\text{MeV}$.

The energy released per fission of nucleus of ${}^{240}$X is 200 MeV. The energy released if all the atoms in 120g of pure ${}^{240}$X undergo fission is ____________ $\times$ 10${}^{25}$ MeV.

(Given $\text{N}_{\text{A}} = 6 \times 10^{23}$)

Nucleus A is having mass number 220 and its binding energy per nucleon is 5.6 MeV. It splits into two fragments 'B' and 'C' of mass numbers 105 and 115. The binding energy of nucleons in 'B' and 'C' is 6.4 MeV per nucleon. The energy Q released per fission will be:

Two lighter nuclei combine to form a comparatively heavier nucleus by the relation given below: ${}^{2}_{1}X + {}^{2}_{1}X = {}^{4}_{2}Y$

The binding energies per nucleon for ${}^{2}_{1}X$ and ${}^{4}_{2}Y$ are $1.1\text{ MeV}$ and $7.6\text{ MeV}$ respectively. The energy released in this process is _______________ $\text{MeV}$.

A nucleus with mass number 240 breaks into two fragments each of mass number 120, the binding per nucleon of unfragmented nuclei is 7.6MeV while that of fragments is 8.5MeV. The total gain in the Binding Energy in the process is:

When a uranium isotope ${}^{235}_{92}U$ is bombarded with a neutron, it generates ${}^{89}_{36}Kr$, three neutrons and:

In a reactor, 2 kg of 92U235 fuel is fully used up in 30 days. The energy released per fission is 200 MeV. Given that the Avogadro number, N = 6.023 $\times$ 1026 per kilo mole and 1 eV = 1.6 × 10–19 J. The power output of the reactor is close to

Consider the nuclear fission

Ne20 $\rightarrow$ 2He4 + C12

Given that the binding energy/ nucleon of Ne20, He4 and C12 are, respectively, 8.03 MeV, 7.07 MeV and 7.86 MeV, identify the correct statement -

Two deuterons undergo nuclear fusion to form a Helium nucleus. Energy released in this process is: (given binding energy per nucleon for deuteron = 1.1 MeV and for helium = 7.0 MeV)

When Uranium is bombarded with neutrons, it undergoes fission. The fission reaction can be written as:

${}_{92}U^{235} + {}_{0}n^{1} \rightarrow {}_{56}Ba^{141} + {}_{36}Kr^{92} + 3x + Q$(energy) where three particles named x are produced and energy Q is released. What is the name of the particle x?

A certain mass of Hydrogen is changed to Helium by the process of fusion. The mass defect in fusion reaction is 0.02866 u. The energy liberated per u is (given 1 u = 931 MeV)

Fusion reaction takes place at high temperature because

The power obtained in a reactor using U235 disintegration is 1000 kW. The mass decay of U235 per hour is

The binding energy per nucleon in deuterium and helium nuclei are 1.1 MeV and 7.0 MeV, respectively. When two deuterium nuclei fuse to form a helium nucleus the energy released in the fusion is

The binding energy of deuteron is 2.2 MeV and that of ${}^{4}_{2}$He is 28 MeV. If two deuterons are fused to form one ${}^{4}_{2}$He then the energy released is

In any fission process the ratio

mass of fission products

is

mass of parent nucleus

Fission of nuclei is possible because the binding energy per nucleon in them

If in a nuclear fusion process the masses of the fusing nuclei be m1 and m2 and the mass of the resultant nucleus be m3, then

The binding energy per nucleon of deuteron $\left({}^{2}_{1}H\right)$ and helium nucleus $\left({}^{4}_{2}He\right)$ is $1.1\text{ MeV}$ and $7\text{ MeV}$ respectively. If two deuteron nuclei react to form a single helium nucleus, then the energy released is

Solar energy is mainly caused due to

In the nuclear fusion reaction ${}^{2}_{1}H + {}^{3}_{1}H \rightarrow {}^{4}_{2}He + n$

given that the repulsive potential energy between the two nuclei is $\sim 7.7 \times 10^{-14}\ J$, the temperature at which the gases must be heated to initiate the reaction is nearly

[ Boltzmann's Constant $k = 1.38 \times 10^{-23}\ J/K$ ]

Which of the following are suitable for the fusion process?

Energy released in nuclear fission is due to

Nuclear fission is best explained by

Complete the equation for the following fission process:

${}_{92}\text{U}^{235} + {}_{0}n^{1} \longrightarrow {}_{38}\text{Sr}^{90} + \ldots\ldots$

Which of the following is used as a moderator in nuclear reaction?

The binding energies per nucleon for a deuteron and an $\alpha$-particle are $x_{1}$ and $x_{2}$ respectively. The energy $Q$ released in the reaction

${}^{2}\text{H}_{1} + {}^{2}\text{H}_{1} \rightarrow {}^{4}\text{He}_{2} + Q,$

is

Energy released in the fission of a single ${}^{235}_{92}\text{U}$ nucleus is 200 MeV. The fission rate of ${}^{235}_{92}\text{U}$ filled reactor operating at a power level of 5 W is

Solar energy is due to